|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Table 2] Template for white papers for crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens |
|
|
Template for white papers for crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens [abstract] |
|
General information |
|
|
|
|
00 Table of content |
|
boolean true |
true |
|
|
01 Date of notification |
|
date |
2026-06-29 |
|
|
02 Statement in accordance with Article 6(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
boolean true |
This crypto-asset white paper has not been approved by any competent authority in any Member State of the European Union. The operator of the trading platform of the crypto-asset is solely responsible for the content of this crypto-asset white paper. |
|
|
03 Compliance statement in accordance with Article 6(6) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
boolean true |
This crypto-asset white paper complies with Title II of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council and, to the best of the knowledge of the management body, the information presented in the crypto-asset white paper is fair, clear and not misleading and the crypto-asset white paper makes no omission likely to affect its import. |
|
|
04 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), points (a), (b), (c), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
boolean true |
The crypto-asset referred to in this crypto-asset white paper may lose its value in part or in full, may not always be transferable and may not be liquid |
|
|
05 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), point (d), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
boolean true |
The utility token referred to in this white paper may not be exchangeable against the good or service promised in this white paper, especially in the case of a failure or discontinuation of the crypto-asset project. |
|
|
06 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), points (e) and (f), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
boolean true |
The crypto-asset referred to in this white paper is not covered by the investor compensation schemes under Directive 97/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council or the deposit guarantee schemes under Directive 2014/49/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. |
|
|
SUMMARY |
|
|
|
|
07 Warning in accordance with Article 6(7), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
boolean true |
Warning
This summary should be read as an introduction to the crypto-asset white paper.
The prospective holder should base any decision to purchase this crypto –asset on the content of the crypto-asset white paper as a whole and not on the summary alone.
The offer to the public of this crypto-asset does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase financial instruments and any such offer or solicitation can be made only by means of a prospectus or other offer documents pursuant to the applicable national law.
This crypto-asset white paper does not constitute a prospectus as referred to in Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and of the Council or any other offer document pursuant to Union or national law. |
|
|
08 Characteristics of the crypto-asset |
|
textBlock |
The TAO token is the native asset of the Bittensor Layer 1 blockchain, a Substrate-based proof-of-stake network also referred to as the Subtensor chain, with a maximum supply fixed at 21,000,000 TAO. Holders of the TAO token may stake or delegate their TAO to validator hotkeys on the Bittensor network, may participate indirectly in on-chain Senate governance through delegate hotkeys meeting the stake-based threshold for Senate inclusion, may obtain economic exposure to per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools through the Dynamic TAO market-driven emissions allocation mechanism, and may use TAO for the payment of network transaction fees on the Subtensor chain (including on its Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer). Modifications of the rights associated with the TAO token are conducted through the Bittensor bicameral on-chain governance process described in Section D of this whitepaper. |
|
|
09 Further information about utility tokens |
|
textBlock |
The TAO token gives access to the functional layers of the Bittensor network, including staking and delegation to validator hotkeys for participation in network security and for the receipt of a stake-weighted share of subnet emissions, net of any validator take; indirect participation in on-chain Senate governance through delegate hotkeys meeting the stake-based threshold for Senate inclusion; economic exposure to per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools through the Dynamic TAO market-driven emissions allocation mechanism; and payment of network transaction fees on the Subtensor chain (including on its Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer). The TAO token is freely and instantly transferable, utilising the underlying blockchain network's standard processes. |
|
|
10 Key information about the offer to the public or admission to trading |
|
textBlock |
This whitepaper is published solely in connection with the admission to trading of the TAO token on OKX Europe Limited's trading platform. There has been no offer of the crypto-asset to the public, and the crypto-asset has not been made available in exchange for fiat currency or other crypto-assets prior to its listing. The crypto-asset will be admitted to trading via OKX Europe Limited, an authorised crypto-asset service provider ("CASP") operating within the European Union. The trading admission does not involve any subscription, sale, or fundraising process. The purpose of this document is to provide key information regarding the characteristics of the crypto-asset, its governance, rights, and associated risks, to enable informed decision-making by users and market participants in the context of its admission to trading. Access to the crypto-asset on the trading platform may be subject to user verification, platform conditions, or applicable legal restrictions depending on the jurisdiction. |
|
|
Part A - Information about offeror or person seeking admission to trading |
|
|
|
|
A.1 Name |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.2 Legal form |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.3 Registered address |
|
|
Registered addess |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Country |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Sub-division |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.4 Head office |
|
|
Head office |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Country |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Sub-division |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.5 Registration date |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.6 Legal entity identifier |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.7 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.8 Contact telephone number |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.9 E-mail address |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.10 Response time (days) |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.11 Parent company |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.12 Members of the management body |
|
|
Member #1 |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Identity |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Business address |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Function |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.13 Business activity |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.14 Parent company business activity |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.15 Newly established |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.16 Financial condition for the past three years |
|
N/A |
. |
|
A.17 Financial condition since registration |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Part B - Information about issuer, if different from offeror or person seeking admission to trading |
|
|
|
|
B.1 Issuer different from offerror or person seeking admission to trading |
|
boolean |
true |
|
|
B.2 Name |
|
text |
Opentensor Foundation |
|
|
B.3 Legal form |
|
text |
Not-for-profit Corporation |
|
|
B.4 Registered address |
|
|
|
|
Registered addess |
|
text |
1030 King Street West, Unit 517, Toronto, Ontario M6K 0B4, Canada. |
|
|
Country |
|
enumeration |
Canada |
|
|
Sub-division |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
B.5 Head office |
|
|
|
|
Head office |
|
text |
1030 King Street West, Unit 517, Toronto, Ontario M6K 0B4, Canada. |
|
|
Country |
|
enumeration |
Canada |
|
|
Sub-division |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
B.6 Registration date |
|
date |
2021-05-18 |
|
|
B.7 Legal entity identifier |
|
LEI |
|
|
|
B.8 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law |
|
text |
13026531 |
|
|
B.9 Parent company |
|
text |
No information could be identified in regards to this field at the time of drafting this whitepaper. |
|
|
B.10 Members of the management body |
|
|
|
|
Member #1 |
|
id |
1 |
|
|
Identity |
|
text |
Ramsay Newton |
|
|
Business address |
|
text |
1774 Little River Rd, Comox BC V9M 4B9, Canada |
|
|
Function |
|
text |
Director |
|
|
Member #2 |
|
id |
2 |
|
|
Identity |
|
text |
Etienne Leroy |
|
|
Business address |
|
text |
Baadenberger Straße 58, Cologne, NRW 50825, Germany |
|
|
Function |
|
text |
Director |
|
|
Member #3 |
|
id |
3 |
|
|
Identity |
|
text |
Westley Tan |
|
|
Business address |
|
text |
225 Shoreview Court, Windsor ON N8P 1M7, Canada |
|
|
Function |
|
text |
Director |
|
|
B.11 Business activity |
|
textBlock |
The corporate activity of Opentensor Foundation is the stewardship and engineering of the Bittensor network, a decentralised proof-of-stake Layer 1 blockchain for machine intelligence. This activity includes maintenance and protocol-upgrade engineering of the Subtensor runtime, operational communications and incident response on behalf of the protocol, participation in the on-chain Triumvirate that creates and closes governance proposals, and administration of the Foundation's three-of-three multisig that retains protocol-upgrade and emergency-pause authority over the Bittensor network. |
|
|
B.12 Parent company business activity |
|
textBlock |
No information could be identified in regards to this field at the time of drafting this whitepaper. |
|
|
Part C - Information about the operator of the trading platform in cases where it draws up the crypto-asset white paper and information about other persons drawing the crypto-asset white paper pursuant to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
|
|
|
C.1 Name |
|
text |
OKX Europe Limited |
|
|
C.2 Legal form |
|
text |
Limited Liability Company |
|
|
C.3 Registered address |
|
|
|
|
Registered address |
|
text |
Piazzetta Business Plaza, Office Number 4, Floor 2,
Triq Ghar il-Lembi, Sliema
SLM1562, Malta |
|
|
Country |
|
enumeration |
Malta |
|
|
Sub-division |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
C.4 Head office |
|
|
|
|
Head office |
|
text |
See C.4 |
|
|
Country |
|
enumeration |
Malta |
|
|
Sub-division |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
C.5 Registration date |
|
date |
2018-09-07 |
|
|
C.6 Legal entity identifier |
|
LEI |
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42 |
|
|
C.7 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law |
|
text |
C 88193 |
|
|
C.8 Parent company |
|
text |
OKC International Holding Company Limited |
|
|
C.9 Reason for crypto-asset white paper preparation |
|
textBlock |
This crypto-asset whitepaper has been prepared in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2023/1114
(MiCA) for the purpose of:
- The admission to trading of TAO on regulated platforms, starting with the OKX Exchange. OKX Europe Limited as a result of being a licenced CASP endeavours to fulfill the obligations established under MiCA and the respective MFSA guidelines to:
- Notify this whitepaper to the MFSA;
- Publish the whitepaper publicly;
- And ensure its registration in the MiCA register maintained by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA).
This whitepaper has been prepared to provide transparent, accurate, and fair information to prospective token holders and regulatory authorities in line with the principles of MiCA. |
|
|
C.10 Members of the management body |
|
|
|
|
Member #1 |
|
id |
1 |
|
|
Identity |
|
text |
Erald Henri J. Ghoos |
|
|
Business address |
|
text |
See C.4 |
|
|
Function |
|
text |
Director |
|
|
Member #2 |
|
id |
2 |
|
|
Identity |
|
text |
Fang Hong |
|
|
Business address |
|
text |
See C.4 |
|
|
Function |
|
text |
Director |
|
|
Member #3 |
|
id |
3 |
|
|
Identity |
|
text |
Joseph Portelli |
|
|
Business address |
|
text |
See C.4 |
|
|
Function |
|
text |
Director |
|
|
Member #4 |
|
id |
4 |
|
|
Identity |
|
text |
Wei Man Cheung |
|
|
Business address |
|
text |
See C.4 |
|
|
Function |
|
text |
Director |
|
|
C.11 Operator business activity |
|
textBlock |
OKX Europe Limited is licensed as a Crypto-Asset Service Provider by the Malta Financial Services Authority, bearing licence number OEUR-24352, to provide crypto services under the Markets in Crypto-Assets Act, Chapter 647, Laws of Malta and is the operator of a Trading Platform for Crypto Assets, in accordance with Article 3(1)(18) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA). |
|
|
C.12 Parent company business activity |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
C.13 Other persons drawing up the crypto-asset white paper according to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
C.14 Reason for drawing the white paper by persons referred to in Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
Member #2 |
|
id |
2 |
|
|
C.12 Parent company business activity |
|
N/A |
|
. |
|
C.13 Other persons drawing up the crypto-asset white paper according to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
N/A |
. |
|
C.14 Reason for drawing the white paper by persons referred to in Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
N/A |
|
. |
|
Member #3 |
|
id |
3 |
|
|
C.12 Parent company business activity |
|
N/A |
|
. |
|
C.13 Other persons drawing up the crypto-asset white paper according to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
N/A |
. |
|
C.14 Reason for drawing the white paper by persons referred to in Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
N/A |
|
. |
|
Member #4 |
|
id |
4 |
|
|
C.12 Parent company business activity |
|
N/A |
|
. |
|
C.13 Other persons drawing up the crypto-asset white paper according to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
N/A |
. |
|
C.14 Reason for drawing the white paper by persons referred to in Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 |
|
N/A |
. |
|
Part D - Information about other token project |
|
|
|
|
D.1 Crypto-asset project name |
|
text |
Bittensor |
|
|
D.2 Crypto-asset name |
|
text |
See F.13 |
|
|
D.3 Abbreviation |
|
text |
See F.13 |
|
|
D.4 Crypto-asset project description |
|
textBlock |
Bittensor is an open-source decentralised network for machine intelligence, organised into independently-operated subnets. Subnet miners produce machine-intelligence outputs (including artificial-intelligence inference and training workloads, as well as other digital commodities such as indexing, search, and prediction services), and subnet validators evaluate and score those outputs under the Yuma Consensus scoring matrix. Network-wide block emissions are apportioned across subnets through the Dynamic TAO market-driven allocation mechanism, and within each subnet are distributed to subnet miners, subnet validators, subnet owners, and delegators on a stake-weighted basis. Governance of the Bittensor network is conducted under a bicameral on-chain governance design comprising the Triumvirate, which creates and closes proposals, and the Senate, which is formed from the top-stake delegate hotkeys meeting the stake-based threshold for Senate inclusion and which approves proposals. The Bittensor network is stewarded by the Opentensor Foundation, which administers a three-of-three multisig retaining protocol-upgrade and emergency-pause authority. The Subtensor runtime is open-source and the network is publicly verifiable via the Bittensor explorer. |
|
|
D.5 Details of all natural or legal persons involved in implementation of crypto-asset project |
|
|
|
|
Person #1 |
|
id |
1 |
|
|
Type of person |
|
enumeration |
Other person involved in implementation |
|
|
Name of person |
|
text |
Jacob Steeves |
|
|
Business address of person |
|
text |
Costa Rica |
|
|
Domicile of company |
|
enumeration |
|
|
|
Person #2 |
|
id |
2 |
|
|
Type of person |
|
enumeration |
Other person involved in implementation |
|
|
Name of person |
|
text |
Ala Shaabana |
|
|
Business address of person |
|
text |
Canada |
|
|
Domicile of company |
|
enumeration |
|
|
|
Person #3 |
|
id |
3 |
|
|
Type of person |
|
enumeration |
Other person involved in implementation |
|
|
Name of person |
|
text |
Ramsay Newton |
|
|
Business address of person |
|
text |
1774 Little River Rd, Comox BC V9M 4B9, Canada |
|
|
Domicile of company |
|
enumeration |
|
|
|
Person #4 |
|
id |
4 |
|
|
Type of person |
|
enumeration |
Other person involved in implementation |
|
|
Name of person |
|
text |
Etienne Leroy |
|
|
Business address of person |
|
text |
Baadenberger Straße 58, Cologne, NRW 50825, Germany |
|
|
Domicile of company |
|
enumeration |
|
|
|
Person #5 |
|
id |
5 |
|
|
Type of person |
|
enumeration |
Other person involved in implementation |
|
|
Name of person |
|
text |
Westley Tan |
|
|
Business address of person |
|
text |
225 Shoreview Court, Windsor ON N8P 1M7, Canada |
|
|
Domicile of company |
|
enumeration |
|
|
|
Person #6 |
|
id |
6 |
|
|
Type of person |
|
enumeration |
Other person involved in implementation |
|
|
Name of person |
|
text |
Opentensor Foundation |
|
|
Business address of person |
|
text |
1030 King Street West, Unit 517, Toronto, Ontario M6K 0B4, Canada. |
|
|
Domicile of company |
|
enumeration |
Canada |
|
|
D.6 Utility token classification |
|
boolean |
true |
|
|
D.7 Key features of goods or services for utility token projects |
|
text |
The Bittensor network provides a decentralised marketplace for machine-intelligence services organised into independently-operated subnets, including (without limitation) text generation, image generation, indexing, search, prediction, and other bespoke machine-learning workloads commissioned by subnet owners. Subnet miners contribute compute and model outputs, while subnet validators evaluate and score those contributions under the Yuma Consensus scoring matrix. Holders of the TAO token may stake their TAO to validator hotkeys to participate in network security and to direct emissions across subnets, may participate in on-chain Senate governance indirectly through delegate hotkeys meeting the stake-based threshold, may acquire economic exposure to per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools through the Dynamic TAO market-driven emissions allocation mechanism, and may pay network transaction fees on the Subtensor chain (including on its Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer). |
|
|
D.8 Plans for the token |
|
|
|
|
Description of past milestones |
|
textBlock |
The Bittensor protocol's first miners and validators were activated in January 2021 on a testnet. The Bittensor mainnet was launched on 2 November 2021 under the codename 'Nakamoto' (succeeding the predecessor codename 'Kusanagi'). On 20 March 2023, the network was forked to the 'Finney' mainnet, the version of the Subtensor runtime that continues to operate. On 30 December 2024, the Subtensor Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer became live, enabling Ethereum-Virtual-Machine-compatible smart contracts on the Subtensor chain. On 13 February 2025, the Dynamic TAO upgrade became live, introducing per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools and market-driven allocation of network-wide emissions across subnets. In December 2025, the first TAO halving occurred, reducing daily TAO block emissions from approximately 7,200 TAO to approximately 3,600 TAO. Separately, in August 2025, the Opentensor Foundation completed a corporate-equity funding round of approximately USD 8 million in which Digital Currency Group was cited as a participant; this corporate-equity funding is distinct from the TAO token distribution. |
|
|
Description of future milestones |
|
textBlock |
The Opentensor Foundation has not published a single consolidated forward-looking roadmap document; future development is tracked through the public Bittensor Improvement Tenet (BIT) registry on GitHub, where proposals progress through Draft, Review, Last Call, and Final stages. The next scheduled TAO halving is expected at approximately the 15,750,000 TAO issuance mark, projected to occur around 2029, with further halvings on the same Bitcoin-style cadence until issuance halts at the 21,000,000 TAO hard cap. Open governance and protocol-engineering workstreams as at the date of this whitepaper include further refinement of subnet emissions allocation under Dynamic TAO, expanded Ethereum-Virtual-Machine compatibility on the Subtensor chain, and ongoing optimisation of validator and miner scoring under the Yuma Consensus matrix. Forward-looking statements in this whitepaper are subject to change and depend on community-led BIT proposals, Opentensor Foundation runtime engineering, and on-chain Senate approval of any non-emergency protocol upgrades. |
|
|
D.9 Resource allocation |
|
text |
The TAO token has a fixed maximum supply of 21,000,000 TAO, with all supply entering circulation through Bitcoin-style block emissions following the Bittensor mainnet launch on 2 November 2021, with no pre-mine, no initial coin offering, no team allocation, no investor allocation, no foundation reserve, and no airdrop at genesis, sourced from the Opentensor Foundation's official tokenomics post on the Bittensor blog and from the Subtensor chain explorer:
- Block emissions, comprising the entirety of total supply: 100% (21,000,000 TAO), distributed continuously over the Bitcoin-style halving schedule to subnet miners, subnet validators, subnet owners, and delegators, with emissions routed across subnets via the Dynamic TAO market-driven mechanism.
- Pre-mine, initial coin offering, initial exchange offering, initial DEX offering, Simple Agreement for Future Tokens (SAFT), team allocation, investor allocation, advisor allocation, foundation reserve, and airdrop at genesis: 0% (0 TAO). The Opentensor Foundation has publicly confirmed that no tokens were allocated to venture-capital firms, insiders, or advisors except through ordinary network participation in mining, validation, subnet ownership, or stake delegation.
The emission schedule operates on a Bitcoin-style halving cadence; the first halving occurred in December 2025, reducing daily TAO block emissions from approximately 7,200 to approximately 3,600. The total supply is fixed at 21,000,000 TAO; circulating supply is subject to change depending on the network's emission and halving schedule.
|
|
|
D.10 Planned use of collected funds or other tokens |
|
text |
No funds were collected by the Opentensor Foundation through any token offering of TAO, since the Bittensor mainnet was launched as a fair launch with no pre-mine, no initial coin offering, no investor sale, and no airdrop. The Opentensor Foundation's official tokenomics post confirms that no tokens were allocated to venture-capital firms, insiders, or advisors except through ordinary network participation. As a consequence, there is no token-treasury allocation associated with the issuance of TAO and no treasury-managed token allocations for the purposes of this field. Separately, public corporate-funding data indicates that the Opentensor Foundation has raised approximately USD 8 million of corporate-equity funding across multiple rounds, most recently a round of approximately USD 8 million reported in August 2025; the proceeds of that corporate-equity funding are understood to be applied to the Foundation's protocol stewardship, Subtensor runtime engineering, governance support, and operational communications. These corporate-equity funding rounds are distinct from the TAO token distribution and do not confer to the participating equity investors any TAO allocation, token claim, or governance right over the Bittensor network. |
|
|
Part E - Information about offer to public of other tokens or their admission to trading |
|
|
|
|
E.1 Public offering or admission to trading |
|
enumeration |
Admission to trading |
|
|
E.2 Reasons for public offer or admission to trading |
|
textBlock |
Facilitating secondary trading for users on the OKX Trading platform in compliance with the MiCA regulatory framework. |
|
|
E.3 Fundraising target |
|
|
|
|
Target expressed in currency |
|
monetary |
0 |
EUR |
|
Target expressed in units |
|
decimal |
0 |
|
|
Target expressed in digital token identifier |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.4 Minimum subscription goals |
|
|
|
|
Goals expressed in currency |
|
monetary |
0 |
EUR |
|
Goals expressed in units |
|
decimal |
0 |
|
|
Goals expressed in digital token identifier |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.5 Maximum subscription goals |
|
|
|
|
Goasl expressed in currency |
|
monetary |
0 |
EUR |
|
Goals expressed in units |
|
decimal |
0 |
|
|
Goals expressed in digital token identifier |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.6 Oversubscription acceptance |
|
boolean |
false |
|
|
E.7 Oversubscription allocation |
|
text |
|
|
|
Issue price details |
|
|
|
|
E.8 Issue price |
|
decimal |
|
|
|
E.9 Official currency determining issue price |
|
enumeration |
|
|
|
E.9 Any other tokens determining issue price |
|
text |
|
|
|
E.10 Subscription fee |
|
|
|
|
Fee expressed in currency |
|
monetary |
0 |
EUR |
|
Fee expressed in units |
|
decimal |
0 |
|
|
Fee expressed in digital token identifier |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.11 Offer price determination method |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.12 Total number of offered or traded other tokens |
|
integer |
21000000 |
|
|
E.13 Targeted holders |
|
enumeration |
All types of investors |
|
|
E.14 Holder restrictions |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.15 Reimbursement notice |
|
boolean true |
N/A |
|
|
E.16 Refund mechanism |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
E.17 Refund timeline |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.18 Offer phases |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
E.19 Early purchase discount |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
E.20 Time-limited offer |
|
boolean |
false |
|
|
E.21 Subscription period beginning |
|
date |
|
|
|
E.22 Subscription period end |
|
date |
|
|
|
E.23 Safeguarding arrangements for offered funds or other tokens |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
E.24 Payment methods for other token purchase |
|
textBlock |
In line with OKX current payment method offering. |
|
|
E.25 Value transfer methods for reimbursement |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
E.26 Right of withdrawal |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
E.27 Transfer of purchased other tokens |
|
textBlock |
In line with OKX current Terms of Service. |
|
|
E.28 Transfer time schedule |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.29 Purchaser's technical requirements |
|
textBlock |
In line with OKX current Terms of Service. |
|
|
Other token services provider characteristics |
|
|
|
|
E.30 Other token service provider (CASP) name |
|
text |
OKX Europe Limited |
|
|
E.31 CASP identifier |
|
LEI |
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42 |
|
|
E.32 Placement form |
|
enumeration |
Not applicable |
|
|
Trading platforms characteristics |
|
|
|
|
E.33 Trading platforms name |
|
text |
OKX |
|
|
E.34 Trading platforms market identifier code (MIC) |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
E.35 Trading platforms access |
|
text |
Users may access TAO through the OKX Trading Platform via the Application Program Interface ("API"), the Application Software ("OKX App"), as well as the official OKX website as follows; www.okx.com. |
|
|
E.36 Involved costs |
|
textBlock |
In line with the OKX current Terms of Service. |
|
|
E.37 Offer expenses |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
E.38 Conflicts of interest |
|
textBlock |
A crypto-asset is listed following a decision rendered independently by the Listing Committee in line with the internal policies of OKX Europe Limited. Any potential disclosures that may arise of conflicts of interest are published on the OKX website. |
|
|
E.39 Applicable law |
|
textBlock |
Malta |
|
|
E.40 Competent court |
|
textBlock |
Malta |
|
|
Part F - Information about other tokens |
|
|
|
|
F.1 Crypto-asset type |
|
text |
Other Crypto-Asset. |
|
|
F.2 Other token functionality |
|
textBlock |
The TAO token is the native asset of the Bittensor Layer 1 blockchain (also referred to as the Subtensor chain) and supports the following functionalities. Holders may stake or delegate TAO to validator hotkeys to participate in network security and to earn a stake-weighted share of subnet emissions, net of any validator take. Holders may participate indirectly in on-chain Senate governance through delegate hotkeys that meet the stake-based threshold for Senate inclusion. Through the Dynamic TAO mechanism, holders may obtain economic exposure to per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools, with emissions routed across subnets via market-driven allocation. TAO is used for the payment of network transaction fees on the Subtensor chain, including on the chain's Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer. |
|
|
F.3 Planned application of functionalities |
|
textBlock |
All functionalities from the above specified list apply as of the writing of this whitepaper. |
|
|
A description of the characteristics of the other token, including the data necessary for classification of the crypto-asset white paper in the register referred to in Article 109 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, as specified in accordance with paragraph 8 of that Article |
|
|
|
|
F.4 Type of crypto-asset white paper |
|
enumeration |
Other crypto-asset token white paper |
|
|
F.5 Type of submission |
|
enumeration |
New |
|
|
F.6 Other token characteristics |
|
textBlock |
The TAO token is the native asset of the Bittensor Layer 1 blockchain, also referred to as the Subtensor chain, a Substrate-based proof-of-stake network implemented in Rust. As the native asset of its own Layer 1, TAO is not implemented as an ERC-20, BEP-20, or SPL-standard token; native TAO transfers, staking, delegation, subnet emissions, and on-chain governance state are recorded directly on the Subtensor ledger. The maximum supply of the TAO token is fixed at 21,000,000 TAO, with circulating supply subject to change depending on the network's Bitcoin-style block-emission and halving schedule. |
|
|
F.7 Commercial name or trading name |
|
text |
See F.13 |
|
|
F.8 Website of the issuer |
|
text |
https://bittensor.com/ |
|
|
F.9 Starting date of offer to the public or admission to trading |
|
date |
2026-07-27 |
|
|
F.10 Publication date |
|
date |
2026-07-27 |
|
|
F.11 Any other services provided by the issuer |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
F.12 Language or languages of white paper |
|
text |
English |
|
|
F.13 Digital token identifier code used to uniquely identify the crypto-asset or each of the several crypto assets to which the white paper relates, where available |
|
text |
LBQFC0FVK |
|
|
F.14 Functionally fungible group digital token identifier, where available |
|
text |
6N7FD6DBX |
|
|
F.15 Voluntary data flag |
|
boolean |
false |
|
|
F.16 Personal data flag |
|
boolean |
true |
|
|
F.17 LEI eligibility |
|
boolean |
true |
|
|
F.18 Home member state |
|
enumeration |
Malta |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #1 |
|
enumerationSet |
Austria |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #2 |
|
enumerationSet |
Belgium |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #3 |
|
enumerationSet |
Bulgaria |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #4 |
|
enumerationSet |
Croatia |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #5 |
|
enumerationSet |
Cyprus |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #6 |
|
enumerationSet |
Czechia |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #7 |
|
enumerationSet |
Denmark |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #8 |
|
enumerationSet |
Estonia |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #9 |
|
enumerationSet |
Finland |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #10 |
|
enumerationSet |
France |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #11 |
|
enumerationSet |
Germany |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #12 |
|
enumerationSet |
Greece |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #13 |
|
enumerationSet |
Hungary |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #14 |
|
enumerationSet |
Iceland |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #15 |
|
enumerationSet |
Ireland |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #16 |
|
enumerationSet |
Italy |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #17 |
|
enumerationSet |
Latvia |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #18 |
|
enumerationSet |
Liechtenstein |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #19 |
|
enumerationSet |
Lithuania |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #20 |
|
enumerationSet |
Luxembourg |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #21 |
|
enumerationSet |
Malta |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #22 |
|
enumerationSet |
Netherlands |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #23 |
|
enumerationSet |
Norway |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #24 |
|
enumerationSet |
Poland |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #25 |
|
enumerationSet |
Portugal |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #26 |
|
enumerationSet |
Romania |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #27 |
|
enumerationSet |
Slovakia |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #28 |
|
enumerationSet |
Slovenia |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #29 |
|
enumerationSet |
Spain |
|
|
F.19 Host member states #30 |
|
enumerationSet |
Sweden |
|
|
Part G - Information on rights and obligations attached to other tokens |
|
|
|
|
G.1 Purchaser rights and obligations |
|
textBlock |
There are no obligations attached for/of the purchaser. Holders of the TAO token obtain functional rights including the right to stake or delegate their TAO to validator hotkeys on the Bittensor network, the right to participate indirectly in on-chain Senate governance through delegate hotkeys that meet the stake-based threshold for Senate inclusion, the right to obtain economic exposure to per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools through the Dynamic TAO market-driven emissions allocation mechanism, and the right to use TAO for the payment of network transaction fees on the Subtensor chain (including on its Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer). Ownership of the TAO token does not grant any claim to profits, dividends, or assets of the issuer. |
|
|
G.2 Exercise of rights and obligations |
|
textBlock |
As the TAO token does not grant obligations, there is no conceivable way to exercise such obligations. Purchasers can exercise the rights afforded to them by interacting directly with the Subtensor chain through Bittensor-compatible wallets and tooling, by attaching stake to validator hotkeys, by participating in the on-chain Senate through stake-weighted delegate hotkeys that meet the threshold for Senate inclusion, by interacting with Dynamic TAO subnet liquidity pools, and by paying network transaction fees in TAO. |
|
|
G.3 Conditions for modifications of rights and obligations |
|
textBlock |
As the token does not grant obligations, there are no conditions under which the obligations may be modified. Modifications of the rights associated with the TAO token are conducted through the Bittensor bicameral on-chain governance process, in which the Triumvirate (comprising Opentensor Foundation employees) creates and closes proposals and the Senate (formed from the top-stake delegate hotkeys meeting the stake-based threshold for Senate inclusion) approves them with at least 50% plus one of Senate votes. Protocol upgrades to the Subtensor runtime are deployed by the Opentensor Foundation under its three-of-three multisig authority, which also retains an emergency-pause authority that has been exercised operationally. |
|
|
G.4 Future public offers |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
G.5 Issuer retained other token |
|
integer |
0 |
|
|
G.6 Utility token classification |
|
boolean |
true |
|
|
G.7 Key features of goods or services utility tokens |
|
text |
The TAO token gives access to the functional layers of the Bittensor network. Holders may stake or delegate TAO to validator hotkeys to participate in network security and to earn a stake-weighted share of subnet emissions, net of any validator take. Holders may participate indirectly in on-chain Senate governance through delegate hotkeys meeting the stake-based threshold for Senate inclusion. Through the Dynamic TAO mechanism, holders may obtain economic exposure to per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools as emissions are routed across subnets via market-driven allocation. TAO is used for the payment of network transaction fees on the Subtensor chain, including on the chain's Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer. |
|
|
G.8 Utility tokens redemption |
|
text |
The TAO token does not grant redemption rights for off-chain goods, services, or fiat currency. The TAO token's utility is realised on-chain through the functional layers described in F.2 and G.7, namely staking and delegation to validator hotkeys, indirect participation in on-chain Senate governance, acquisition of economic exposure to per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools via Dynamic TAO, and payment of network transaction fees on the Subtensor chain. Access to these functions does not require the burning of TAO; the TAO token is not consumed when accessing these on-chain utilities and there is no off-chain redemption mechanism. |
|
|
G.9 Non-trading request |
|
boolean |
true |
|
|
G.10 Other tokens purchase or sale modalities |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
G.11 Other tokens transfer restrictions |
|
text |
In line with OKX current Terms of Service. |
|
|
G.12 Supply adjustment protocols |
|
boolean |
false |
|
|
G.13 Supply adjustment mechanisms |
|
text |
N/A |
|
|
Other token schemes details |
|
|
|
|
G.14 Token value protection schemes |
|
boolean |
false |
|
|
G.15 Token value protection schemes description |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
G.16 Compensation schemes |
|
boolean |
false |
|
|
G.17 Compensation schemes description |
|
textBlock |
N/A |
|
|
G.18 Applicable law |
|
textBlock |
Malta |
|
|
G.19 Competent court |
|
textBlock |
Malta |
|
|
Part H – Information on underlying technology |
|
|
|
|
H.1 Distributed ledger technology (DTL) |
|
text |
See F.13 |
|
|
H.2 Protocols and technical standards |
|
text |
The TAO token is the native asset of the Bittensor Layer 1 blockchain, also referred to as Subtensor. Subtensor is a Substrate-based Layer 1 network implemented in Rust and accordingly does not use the ERC-20, BEP-20, or SPL token-contract standards. Native TAO transfers, staking, delegation, subnet emissions, and on-chain governance state are mediated by the Subtensor runtime modules rather than by a smart-contract token standard. The Subtensor chain additionally exposes an Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer (live from 30 December 2024) that supports EVM-compatible smart contracts within the same Layer 1 ledger. |
|
|
H.3 Technology used |
|
textBlock |
The TAO token is recorded directly on the Subtensor Layer 1 ledger. Subtensor is built on the Substrate framework and is implemented in Rust; protocol-upgrade releases are deployed by the Opentensor Foundation under its three-of-three multisig authority following the bicameral on-chain governance process described elsewhere in this whitepaper. The Subtensor Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer permits the deployment of EVM-compatible smart contracts within the Bittensor Layer 1, alongside the chain's native runtime modules. The network maintains the Dynamic TAO mechanism through which per-subnet alpha-token liquidity pools route emissions across subnets via market-driven allocation. |
|
|
H.4 Consensus mechanism |
|
text |
Subtensor operates a network-level Yuma Consensus mechanism, in which the network is organised into independently-operated subnets and subnet emissions are apportioned to participants based on validator-attested miner performance under a stake-weighted scoring matrix. At the Layer 1 ledger level, Subtensor relies on a Substrate-derived proof-of-stake validator set; misbehaving or low-quality miners and validators are penalised through reduction of their share of subnet emissions, rather than through a separate Layer 1 slashing mechanism. Block finality and ledger integrity are provided by the Substrate-derived consensus layer underlying Subtensor.
|
|
|
H.5 Incentive mechanisms and applicable fees |
|
text |
Network participants (subnet miners, subnet validators, subnet owners, and delegators) are rewarded in TAO through the Bittensor block-emission schedule, with emissions routed across subnets via the Dynamic TAO market-driven allocation mechanism. The emission schedule operates on a Bitcoin-style halving cadence; the first TAO halving occurred on 12 December 2025, reducing daily TAO block emissions from approximately 7,200 TAO to approximately 3,600 TAO. Network transaction fees on the Subtensor chain are paid in TAO, including on the chain's Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer, and fees vary depending on the computational complexity of the transaction. |
|
|
H.6 Use of distributed ledger technology |
|
boolean |
true |
|
|
H.7 DLT functionality description |
|
textBlock |
TAO is the native asset of the Bittensor Layer 1 blockchain (Subtensor), a Substrate-based proof-of-stake network implemented in Rust and stewarded by the Opentensor Foundation. The Subtensor distributed ledger records native TAO balances, staking and delegation positions, subnet membership and emissions, and on-chain governance state. The ledger additionally hosts an Ethereum Virtual Machine precompile layer that supports EVM-compatible smart contracts within the same Layer 1 network. |
|
|
Other token audit details |
|
|
|
|
H.8 Audit |
|
boolean |
false |
|
|
H.9 Audit outcome |
|
textBlock |
No comprehensive third-party audit of the Subtensor runtime / protocol code has been identified in public sources reviewed as of the date of this whitepaper, beyond bridge-specific audits commissioned by third-party operators (Tensorplex Bridge audits by Quantstamp and Zellic, both of which cover the third-party Tensorplex Bridge rather than the Subtensor protocol itself). |
|
|
Part I - Information on risks |
|
|
|
|
I.1 Offer-related risks |
|
textBlock |
This whitepaper is submitted by OKX Europe Limited solely for the purpose of the assets admission to trading. No public offer of TAO tokens is being made by the issuer or OKX Europe Limited .
Risks associated with the admission to trading include;
Service-related Interruption; Holders may be unable to access the utility due to technical, operation, or regulatory disruptions.
Jurisdictional limitations; TAO services or token utility may not be available in all jurisdictions, potentially restricting access.
Platform Reliance; Access depends on third-party infrastructure (wallets,platforms) and service interruptions or failures may affect token utility.
Limited Liability; OKX Europe Limited assumes no responsibility for the issuers project continuation, and token ownership does not confer contractual rights or guarantees.
Unexpected Risks: Beyond the risks outlined in this whitepaper, there may be additional risks that are currently unforeseen. It is imperative to note that certain risks may emerge from unforeseen events, changes, or interactions among factors that are difficult to predict. These unexpected risks may significantly and negatively impact the crypto-asset, the project, or the parties involved. |
|
|
I.2 Issuer-related risks |
|
textBlock |
Operational Risks; There is a risk that the issuer may face financial or operational difficulties, including insolvency, which could impact the continued development or availability of the services associated with the TAO token.
Counterparty Risks; Counterparty risks may arise where the issuer relies on third-party service providers or technology partners.
Reputational Risks; Adverse media and/or damage or loss of key personnel could negatively affect the ecosystem that the TAO token lives on.
Competition Risk; The issuer may face increased competition or changes in market conditions that affect its ability to carry out its objectives.
Regulatory Risks; The issuer may be subject to investigations, enforcement actions, or change in regulation that affect the tokens legal status in certain jurisdictions.
Disclosure Risks; The issuer may not be required to provide financial statements, limiting TAO token holders visibility into the financial health status of the issuer/project.
Issuer Risks; The information provided is based solely on publicly available sources and does not constitute any form of guarantee or warranty as to its accuracy or completeness.
Governance Risk; A project that incorporate community governance mechanisms or DAO's may face a number of challenges such as low voter participation, coordinated voting by large token holders, or delays in decision making that may affect the implementation of key protocol upgrades.
Key Person Risk; The project and/or token's success may rely on a limited number of individuals or core team. Therefore, a member's departure from the project, the direction and continuity of the project may be negatively affected. |
|
|
I.3 Other tokens-related risks |
|
textBlock |
Market Volatility; The TAO token may be subject to significant volatility and could lose value rapidly, either due to market conditions or otherwise (issuer-related/technology/project implementation risks)
Utility Risk; The TAO tokens utility depends on access to certain services, and any modification or discontinuation of those services could reduce the associated utility of the token.
Smart Contract Risk; The TAO token may operate through smart contracts that may contain vulnerabilities, even if audited, and upgrades to the protocol or governance changes may affect functionality.
Liquidity Risk; Periods of low/limited liquidity may occur, particularly if the demand for the token or its use case decreases, which could have adverse effects on the TAO tokens price and future use cases. |
|
|
I.4 Project implementation-related risks |
|
textBlock |
Scalability Issues; There is a risk that the project may not be implemented or scaled as intended. Technical limitations or infrastructure bottlenecks could hinder the expected scalability of the project, especially if user demand exceeds network or protocol capacity.
Governance Risk; The project may be subject to governance processes that involve on-chain voting or community proposals. Misaligned incentives, low participation, or malicious actors may affect the outcome of governance decisions and disrupt the project's roadmap.
Centralisation Risk; Similar to governance risks outlined above, centralisation within the governance process, or validator centralisation could lead to a lack of decentralization within the network, which carries future risks in terms of trust within the project, and also in regards to future roadmaps where plans may not reflect the interests of the broader user base. |
|
|
I.5 Technology-related risks |
|
textBlock |
Blockchain Performance Risk; As the TAO token is native to its own distributed ledger, performance and reliability of that blockchain directly impact all token-related functions. Any network downtime, latency, or capacity bottlenecks may hinder access to services, delay transactions, or degrade user experience.
Consensus Failure Risk; A failure in the blockchains consensus mechanism could result in halted transactions, unexpected behavior, or loss in network integrity.
Smart Contract Vulnerabilities; Although tokens and supporting smart contracts may be audited, there are still residual risks that undetected bugs, exploits, or implementation errors could compromise functionality or security.
Upgradeability Risk; if the token or related contracts are upgradeable and have designated "owner" addresses, this introduces a central point of failure, and could be misused by malicious actors.
Third-party Infrastructure Dependency; Interaction with the token or project may rely on external infrastructure (APIs, wallet services, off-chain governance voting). Outages or attacks may interrupt access to token-related services.
Interoperability Risk; If the token interacts with other chains, bridges, or oracles, failures or exploits in those systems could affect the tokens operations.
Protocol-level Risk; Upgrades or forks of the protocol itself may affect the token, which could lead to compatibility issues and/or unexpected token behaviour.
Emerging Technology Risk; Advances in computing or undiscovered vulnerabilities in cryptographic algorithms may pose long-term security risks to the blockchain or associated smart contracts. |
|
|
I.6 Mitigation measures |
|
textBlock |
Blockchain Performance Risk; Layer-1 protocols may adopt protocol upgrades aimed at improving transaction throughput and reduce latency under high load conditions.
Consensus Failure Risk; Protocols often employ incentives and penalty systems, such as staking/slashing to reinforce network reliability and honest participation.
Smart Contract Vulnerabilities; Where smart contract functionality exists, layer-1 chains may support verification tools, runtime safety checks, and adopt standardised contract libraries to reduce coding errors.
Upgradeability Risk; Smart contracts on many layer-1 protocols are immutable by design, unless explicitly designed to be upgradeable. These ecosystems often encourage open source code, independent audits, and community input.
Third-party Infrastructure Dependency; Some protocols encourage infrastructure diversity by supporting multiple RPC providers and decentralized services to reduce reliance on external third party dependencies.
Interoperability Risk; Mitigations for cross-chain bridging include usage of audited bridges and token locking mechanisms.
Protocol-level Risk; Mitigations for protocol-level risks include structured governance, coordinated hard forks, backwards-compatible upgrades, and long testnet phases prior to important protocol upgrades
Emerging Technology Risk; Protocols may monitor cryptographic developments and maintain modular architecture that enables future upgrades to post-quantum or similar standards. |
|
|
Part J - Information on the sustainability indicators in relation to adverse impact on the climate and other environment-related adverse impacts |
|
|
|
|
J.1 Adverse impacts on climate and other environment-related adverse impacts |
|
textBlock |
|
|
|
Mandatory information on principal adverse impacts on the climate and other environment-related adverse impacts of the consensus mechanism |
|
|
|
|
General information about adverse impacts |
|
|
|
|
S.1 Name |
|
text |
OKX Europe Limited |
|
|
S.2 Relevant legal entity identifier |
|
text |
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42 |
|
|
S.3 Name of the crypto-asset |
|
text |
Bittensor |
|
|
S.4 Consensus mechanism |
|
text |
Bittensor employs a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism tailored for integrating blockchain technology with decentralized AI, ensuring secure, efficient, and reliable contributions from its participants. Proof of Stake (PoS) with Neural Consensus: Proof of Stake (PoS): Bittensor operates on a PoS consensus model, where validators are selected based on the amount of TAO tokens staked. Validators secure the network by producing and validating blocks, ensuring transaction integrity. Neural Consensus Integration: A unique feature of Bittensor is its neural consensus, which evaluates the quality of work performed by AI models on the network. Nodes are incentivized to contribute meaningful computations for tasks like AI training, which are validated through peer review and network-wide voting. Dynamic Validator Selection: The network dynamically adjusts validator participation, prioritizing nodes that contribute both computational and staking resources effectively. Scalability and Security: The combined PoS and neural consensus model ensures scalability for AI-centric workloads while maintaining blockchain-level security. |
|
|
S.5 Incentive mechanisms and applicable fees |
|
text |
Bittensor incentivizes network participants through token rewards for securing the network and contributing to its AI capabilities, with a fee structure designed to sustain network operations and encourage participation. Incentive Mechanism: TAO Rewards for Validators: Validators earn TAO tokens as rewards for securing the network, validating transactions, and maintaining blockchain integrity. Rewards are distributed based on the validator's staked TAO tokens and performance in the consensus process. AI Contribution Rewards: Nodes contributing to the network's AI computations (e.g., training models) are rewarded in TAO tokens. Rewards are determined by the quality and relevance of contributions, as evaluated through the neural consensus mechanism. Delegation Rewards: TAO holders who delegate their tokens to validators earn a share of staking rewards, encouraging broader participation in network security and governance. Dynamic Incentive Structure: Rewards are dynamically allocated based on network activity and AI workloads, promoting sustained contribution and high-quality participation. Applicable Fees: Transaction Fees: Users pay transaction fees in TAO tokens for processing transactions on the network. Fees are distributed to validators as additional compensation. AI Service Fees: Applications utilizing Bittensor's AI services pay fees in TAO tokens, incentivizing nodes to perform computations and contribute resources. Low-Cost Fee Model: The network employs a cost-efficient fee structure to attract developers and users while ensuring sustainability for validators and contributors. |
|
|
S.6 Beginning of period to which disclosed information relates |
|
date |
2025-06-29 |
|
|
S.7 End of period to which disclosed information relates |
|
date |
2026-06-29 |
|
|
Mandatory key indicator |
|
|
|
|
S.8 Energy consumption |
|
energy (kWh) |
25228.80000 |
|
|
Sources and methodologies |
|
|
|
|
S.9 Energy consumption sources and methodologies |
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For the calculation of energy consumptions, the so called 'bottom-up' approach is being used. The nodes are considered to be the central factor for the energy consumption of the network. These assumptions are made on the basis of empirical findings through the use of public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. The main determinants for estimating the hardware used within the network are the requirements for operating the client software. The energy consumption of the hardware devices was measured in certified test laboratories. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation. The information regarding the hardware used and the number of participants in the network is based on assumptions that are verified with best effort using empirical data. In general, participants are assumed to be largely economically rational. As a precautionary principle, we make assumptions on the conservative side when in doubt, i.e. making higher estimates for the adverse impacts. |
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Supplementary information on principal adverse impacts on climate and other environment-related adverse impacts of consensus mechanism |
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Supplementary key indicators |
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S.10 Renewable energy consumption |
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percent |
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S.11 Energy intensity |
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energy (kWh) |
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S.12 Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions - controlled |
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GHG emissions (tCO2e) |
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S.13 Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions - purchased |
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GHG emissions (tCO2e) |
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S.14 GHG intensity |
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GHG emissions (tCO2e) |
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Sources and methodologies |
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S.15 Key energy sources and methodologies |
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S.16 Key GHG sources and methodologies |
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Optional information on principal adverse impacts on the climate and on other environment-related adverse impacts of the consensus mechanism |
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Optional indicators |
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S. 17 Energy mix |
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percent |
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S.18 Energy use reduction |
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Energy use reduction target (absolute value) |
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energy (kWh) |
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Energy use reduction target (percentage) |
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percent |
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S.19 Carbon intensity (kgCO2e/kWh) |
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decimal |
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S.20 Scope 3 DLT GHG emissions - value chain |
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GHG emissions (tCO2e) |
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S.21 GHG emissions reduction targets or commitments |
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S.22 Generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) |
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mass (tonnes) |
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S.23 Non-recycled WEEE ratio |
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percent |
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S.24 Generation of hazardous waste |
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mass (tonnes) |
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S.25 Generation of waste (all types) |
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mass (tonnes) |
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S.26 Non-recycled waste ratio (all types) |
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percent |
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S.27 Waste intensity (all types) |
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mass (tonnes) |
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S.28 Waste reduction targets or commitments (all types) |
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S.29 Impact of use of equipment on natural resources |
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S.30 Natural resources use reduction targets or commitments |
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S.31 Water use |
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volume (m3) |
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S.32 Non recycled water ratio |
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percent |
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Sources and methodologies |
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S.33 Other energy sources and methodologies |
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S.34 Other GHG sources and methodologies |
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S.35 Waste sources and methodologies |
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S.36 Natural resources sources and methodologies |
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